To develop a sanitation plan in Apac, Uganda, the SFD was chosen as a tool to illustrate critical sanitation issues. It was presented to...

• Date of production: 12/06/2018
• Last update: 19/06/2018

Paikgachha Municipality is situated within the Paikgachha Upazila of the Khulna District in the Division of Khulna. The geographical coordinates of...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/10/2023
• Last update: 10/10/2023

Work in progress - SFD under preparation

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 05/02/2019

Work in progress - SFD under preparation During the August 2017 Stockholm World Water Week, as part of the event “Safely managed sanitation in...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 05/09/2018

Agra, the former capital of India is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. There is sewerage network which...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 21/10/2015
• Last update: 01/08/2018

Ahraura is situated at a distance of 60km from Mirzapur District, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. City lies in the Vidhyan Range, and at a...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 16/11/2020
• Last update: 16/11/2020

Aizawl, capital of Mizoram state, lies in east Himalayan region of India. It is the largest city of the state. Area under municipal council, which...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 19/06/2018

The Canton of Alajuela is located within the province of Alajuela in the north-central part of Costa Rica, covering an area of approximately 388.43...

• Prepared by: IDB
• Date of production: 28/04/2021
• Last update: 28/04/2021

Alandi is a pilgrimage town and has a municipal council in Pune district. The population of town as per Census 2011 is 28,645 persons. The density...

• Prepared by: ESF
• Date of production: 12/10/2018
• Last update: 18/03/2019

The Amathole District Municipality (ADM) is in the central part of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The Amathole DM covers 200 km of...

• Prepared by: Emanti Management
• Date of production: 01/06/2022
• Last update: 01/06/2022

Araihazar Municipality is situated within the Araihazar Upazila of Narayanganj District, under Dhaka Division. At present, Araihazar Municipality...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 13/10/2023
• Last update: 13/10/2023

Axum is in Tigray region in the northern tip of the Ethiopian Plateau at an altitude of 2,100 m above the sea level. The town is 1,041 km away from...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 01/08/2018

Aya Nagar is situated on the Southwestern edge of Delhi. It is the last village of Delhi on the Mehrauli Gurgaon Road which connects South...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 05/11/2020
• Last update: 05/11/2020

Work in progress - SFD under preparation   Oscar Veses (University of Leeds) was in Babati, Tanzania in June 2017 to aid in the development...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 25/06/2018

Badimalika Municipality lies in Bajura District in Sudurpaschim Province, in the far west of Nepal. It was established in March 2017 and has a...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 12/01/2023
• Last update: 12/01/2023

Bagerhat is one of the coastal towns of southern Bangladesh, which is 264 km away from the capital city Dhaka. It is beside the river Bhairab and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 03/01/2022
• Last update: 03/01/2022

Bageshwar Nagar Palika Parishad area is 8.5 sq.km. and has 11 wards with a population of 25,045 (as of year 2018). There are 4,808 Households (HHs)...

• Prepared by: NIUA
• Date of production: 23/09/2022
• Last update: 23/09/2022

Bahir Dar is a city located northwest Ethiopia with a population of 318,429 people, of which 85% live in the urban and 15% in the peri-urban and...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 25/06/2018

Bakshi Ka Talab Nagar Panchayat is a city under the Bakshi Ka Talab sub district of Lucknow district in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. City...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 23/11/2020
• Last update: 23/11/2020

Work in progress - SFD under preparation   As part of a project from the African Water Association, 12 participants attended a training on...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Bandarban is located in the South-East of Bangladesh. Bandarban is a hilly District and Bandarban municipality is the district town. It is a...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 18/10/2021
• Last update: 18/10/2021

Bandipora city is the headquarters in Bandipora District. Bandipora District is one of the 22 districts of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory. The...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 27/04/2021
• Last update: 27/04/2021

Banepa Municipality is located in Kavrepalanchok District, Bagmati Province of Nepal. It has 14 wards and covers the area of 54.59 sq km. It is...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 26/05/2023
• Last update: 26/05/2023

Bangalore, the capital city of Karnataka is the third largest city and the fifth largest metropolitan area in India and is fast growing. It is a...

• Prepared by: Eawag
• Date of production: 17/12/2019
• Last update: 06/03/2020

Bansberia is a town in the Hooghly district of West Bengal, India. Bansberia Municipality was the nerve centre of “Saptagram”, a port city, famous...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 02/11/2018

Bardibas Municipality is located in Mahottari District, Madhesh Province of Nepal. It has total 14 wards and covers the area of 315.57 square...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 22/09/2023
• Last update: 22/09/2023

Barguna is a fast-growing city, which is 319 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Khakdon River and well connected with road and water. It...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 26/10/2022
• Last update: 26/10/2022

Barishal is a fast-growing city, which is 235 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Kirtankhola River and well connected with road and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 26/10/2022
• Last update: 26/10/2022

Barwar is a town and a Nagar Panchayat in Lakhimpur Kheri District in the state of Uttar Pradesh It is a crowded town situated near Shahjanhanpur...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 08/12/2020
• Last update: 08/12/2020

Battambang is the capital city of Battambang province in north western Cambodia. The city is considered the commercial hub for Cambodia's...

• Prepared by: WaterAid
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Bauphal Municipality is situated within the Bauphal Sub-District (Upazila) in Patuakhali District (Zila), which is under Barishal Division. Bauphal...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/10/2023
• Last update: 10/10/2023

Bedkot Municipality is in Kanchanpur District of Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal with an area of 158.5 sq. km. The proposed area of the municipality...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 12/08/2022
• Last update: 08/09/2022

Bera Municipality is located within the Bera Sub-District (Upazila) situated in the Pabna District (Zila) under Rajshahi Division. The geographical...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 16/07/2025
• Last update: 16/07/2025

Betagi Municipality is situated within the Betagi Sub-District (Upazila) in Barguna District (Zila), which is under Barishal Division. The...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 13/10/2023
• Last update: 13/10/2023

Bhagalpur is a city located on the southern alluvial plains of River Ganga, 220 km east of Patna and Bhagalpur is a city located on the southern...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 23/11/2020
• Last update: 23/11/2020

Bhaktapur Municipality is located in Bhaktapur district of Province no.3 of Nepal. The total number of people is 81,748, living in 17,639...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 08/11/2019
• Last update: 06/03/2020

Bheemdatt municipality is located in Kanchanpur District of Sudur Paschim Pradesh, Nepal. The municipality covers an area of 171.63 square...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 10/01/2020
• Last update: 10/01/2020

Bheriganga Municipality is in Surkhet District, Karnali Province of Nepal. It has a total of 13 wards and covers an area of 256.2 km2. It was...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 10/04/2024
• Last update: 10/04/2024

Bhola is a fast-growing city, which is 185 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Megna and Tetulia River and well connected with road and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 16/11/2022
• Last update: 16/11/2022

Bignona and Tenghory Trans-Gambian are in the region of Casamance, Senegal. The study area is comprised of seven districts (six in Bignona, one is...

• Prepared by: Sandec
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 01/08/2018

Bijnor city is located 12 km west to the bank of River Ganga and 460 km from Lucknow, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh. Bijnor is the district...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 17/12/2020
• Last update: 17/12/2020

Sixty-four percent of Bikaner’s city (population of 644,406 people) depends on offsite systems, 31% depends on onsite sanitation systems (OSS),...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Bilwi (also known as Puerto Cabezas) is located in the northeast of Nicaragua on the Caribbean coast. Bilwi´s current population is estimated to be...

• Prepared by: WaterAid
• Date of production: 05/09/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Birgunj Metropolitan City is located in the Parsa District, Madhesh Province of Nepal, near the southern border with India. Birgunj Metropolitan...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 02/11/2023
• Last update: 02/11/2023

Bishoftu is located in the state of Oromia, Ethiopia, approximately 47 km south east of Addis Ababa. Its topography is undulating and characterized...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Bithoor or Bithur is a town in Kanpur Nagar District, 23.4 kilometres by road north of the centre of Kanpur city,...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 17/12/2020
• Last update: 17/12/2020

The city of Blantyre is the commercial and financial centre of Malawi and is located around 300 kilometres south-east of the capital, Lilongwe....

• Prepared by: WASHTED
• Date of production: 16/11/2016
• Last update: 25/06/2018

Bodhgaya is a small town, located in the Gaya district of Bihar. A population size of 51,900 was considered for the preparation of the SFD. There...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 28/02/2017
• Last update: 02/11/2018

Bogra is a city and the district headquarters of Bogra District in the division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Bogra is a fast-growing city, which is 196...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 20/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Bongaon city lies in the state of West Bengal, India. It has a population of 108,864 of which the slum population accounts to 37.04% of the total...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 04/07/2017
• Last update: 25/06/2018

Brahmanbaria is a fast-growing city located along the Dhaka-Chittagong highway and 110 km Eastern of Dhaka. It is beside the Titas Rive rand well...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 16/11/2022
• Last update: 16/11/2022

Budhanilkantha Municipality is located in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of Nepal with a total population of 153,303 people residing in...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 15/11/2019
• Last update: 06/03/2020

This SFD Intermediate Report was developed for Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCCM). The BCCM is categorised as a Category A Metropolitan...

• Prepared by: Emanti Management
• Date of production: 21/11/2018
• Last update: 30/08/2021

Buon Ma Thuot is the capital city of Dak Lak province. It is located in the southwest of Dak Lak and borders Dak Nong province in the west and four...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Bure is located 400 km north of the capital Addis Ababa and 148 km south west of Bahir Dar and is within the Amhara State, Western Gojjam...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Buxar city is situated on the banks of River Ganga in the state of Bihar, India. The population of the city is 102,861, while slum population is...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 09/05/2017
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Cap-Haïtien is located in Haiti, in the Caribbean region. It is Haiti’s second largest city after its capital, Portau-Prince, with an estimated...

• Prepared by: IDB
• Date of production: 28/04/2021
• Last update: 28/04/2021

Cape Cod is a geographic cape extending into the Atlantic Ocean from mainland Massachusetts, USA. It has a population of 215,888 people, nearly...

• Prepared by: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Chandpur is a fast-growing city located along the Dhaka- N1 and Gauripur - Kachua highway and 120 km South of Dhaka. It is beside the Dakatia and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 23/09/2022
• Last update: 23/09/2022

Chandragiri Municipality is located in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of Nepal with a total population of 85,198 residing in 20,532...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 20/11/2019
• Last update: 06/03/2020

Changunarayan Municipality is one of the historical places located in Bhaktapur district in Province no. 3 of Nepal. The municipality carries...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 14/11/2019
• Last update: 14/11/2019

Chapai Nawabganj is a city and the district headquarters of Chapai Nawabganj District in the division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. It is located in the...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 20/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Chattogram City Corporation is the Commercial Capital and second largest city in Bangladesh. The city corporation has a total population of...

• Prepared by: WaterAid
• Date of production: 04/11/2018
• Last update: 19/03/2019

Chennai, the capital of state of Tamil Nadu is located on a flat coastal plain known as the Eastern Coastal Plains. It is the fourth largest...

• Prepared by: Eawag
• Date of production: 07/09/2019
• Last update: 09/04/2020

Work in Progress - SFD under preparation

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 25/06/2018

Chingola is one of the major copper mining towns in Zambia. It is in Chingola District in the Copperbelt Province. In 2016, the Central Statistics...

• Prepared by: GOPA Infra and BORDA Zambia
• Date of production: 10/05/2023
• Last update: 10/05/2023

Work in progress - SFD under preparation In July 2017, a two-day Capacity Development Training was organized in Chipata, Zambia. The participants...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Choma Town is the provincial administrative capital of the Southern Province of Zambia on Latitude -16.812822 and Longitude 26.987640. The town...

• Prepared by: GOPA Infra and BORDA Zambia
• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 10/05/2023

Chuadanga is a prosperous city in the western part of Bangladesh. This is a municipality town and district headquarters of Chuadanga District in...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 23/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Chunar is situated on the banks of River Ganga and River Jargo, in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. City lies in the Vidhyan Range, 42 km from...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 09/12/2020
• Last update: 09/12/2020

Coimbatore is the second largest city in terms of area in the state of Tamil Nadu. It is one of the fastest growing secondary cities in India and a...

• Date of production: 06/08/2019
• Last update: 06/08/2019

Work in progress - SFD under preparation

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Cox’s Bazar is a fast-growing city, which is 402 km away from Dhaka city and it is well connected with road, and airways. It is bounded by the...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 12/10/2023
• Last update: 12/10/2023

Cumilla City Corporation stands on the south bank of the Gumti River in Cumilla district. Cumilla (previously known as Comilla) is one of the...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 04/01/2022
• Last update: 22/02/2022

This report was compiled as part of the SFD Promotion Initiative project funded by Deutsche Gesellschaftfür Internationale Zusammenarbeit...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 09/12/2020
• Last update: 09/12/2020

Da Lat is located on the Langbiang highland plateau at the northern area of Lam Dong Province. The city consists of 12 wards and 4 communes with a...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Danang is located at the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is the fourth most populated city in the country with approximately 1,007,400...

• Prepared by: Sandec
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Sewerage coverage in Dakar (2.7 million people) is high by comparison with most African cities, with an extensive sewerage system that covers...

• Prepared by: WSP
• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 25/06/2018

Dakneshwori municipality is in southern terai region of Nepal. The municipality was formed in 2016 by merging Kabilasa, Harihara, tarahi, Bhutahi,...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 07/02/2023
• Last update: 07/02/2023

Dakshinkali Municipality is located in Kathmandu District in Province No. 3 of Nepal. The total population is 24,297 people residing in 6,925...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 19/11/2019
• Last update: 09/03/2020

The uMshwathi Local Municipality is the largest of the six smaller local municipalities in the uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The local...

• Prepared by: Emanti Management
• Date of production: 31/05/2022
• Last update: 31/05/2022

Dannhauser Local Municipality (LM) is a Category B municipality situated in the Amajuba District Municipality (ADM) in the KwaZulu Natal province...

• Prepared by: Emanti Management
• Date of production: 21/11/2018
• Last update: 30/08/2021

Dar es Salaam lies on the coast of the Indian Ocean and is the largest city and economic hub of Tanzania (DCC, 2004). The 2015 population is...

• Prepared by: Sandec
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 01/08/2018

Dehradun Nagar Nigam area1 is 100 km2. and has 100 wards with a population of 804,3792 (as of 2018). There are 167,577 households (HHs) (after...

• Prepared by: SCBP, NIUA
• Date of production: 16/11/2022
• Last update: 16/11/2022

Delhi is the capital of India. It is officially known as the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The population of NCT of Delhi is...

• Prepared by: CSE / WSP
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 06/07/2018

Dewas  city  is  located  on  the  Malwa  plateau  of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 27/06/2018

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is one of world's most populated cities. ‘Dhaka City’ is defined in this report as the areas under the...

• Prepared by: WEDC/WSP
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 01/08/2018

Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City is located on Southern belt of Nepal in the Kailali District of Sudur Paschim Province, Nepal. The city is...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 28/04/2022
• Last update: 08/09/2022

Dharamshala is a town situated in the foothills of the Himalayas in the District of Kangra and State of Himachal Pradesh, India. Dharamshala has...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 30/11/2020
• Last update: 30/11/2020

Dhulikhel municipality is located in Kavrepalanchok district of Bagmati province, Nepal. The municipality is divided into 12 wards. The...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 10/03/2021
• Last update: 10/03/2021

Dinajpur, a city of north-western Bangladesh and the district headquarter of Dinajpur district is situated in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh. It is...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 04/02/2022
• Last update: 04/02/2022

Dipayal Silgadhi municipality is the district headquarters of Doti District in Sudurpashchim Province, in the far west of Nepal. It lies in the...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 12/01/2023
• Last update: 12/01/2023

Dodoma City Council is located at the south-eastern end of the Tanzania Central Plateau at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea level with...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 02/02/2024
• Last update: 02/02/2024

Domiz 1 Syrian refugee camp is located on the outskirts of the Domiz Township, near the city of the Duhok, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The...

• Prepared by: GIZ
• Date of production: 08/12/2021
• Last update: 08/12/2021

Domiz 2 Syrian refugee camp is located on the outskirts of the Domiz Township, near the city of the Duhok, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The...

• Prepared by: GIZ
• Date of production: 08/12/2021
• Last update: 08/12/2021

This SFD Lite relates to the older part of Domiz Town, rather than the newer developments, for which it is difficult to obtain any information for....

• Prepared by: GIZ
• Date of production: 08/12/2021
• Last update: 08/12/2021

Douala is the economic capital of Cameroon. In 2005, Douala had 1,907,479 inhabitants. With a growth rate of 4.7%, the population of the city was...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

In Dumaguete (population of 0.12 million people), a FSM system has recently been introduced to serve the whole city. Cost-sharing partnership has...

• Prepared by: WSP
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 01/08/2018

The city of Durban is managed by the eThekwini Municipality, which covers a wider area including 55% urban and 45% rural sectors. In 2015 the...

• Prepared by: PRG
• Date of production: 26/07/2025
• Last update: 01/08/2018

Eket is a coastal city in the southern region of Nigeria in the vast low-lying region where the Niger-delta drains into the Gulf of Guinea. The...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 10/02/2021
• Last update: 10/02/2021