Kochi is a major port city on the west coast of India by the Arabian Sea in the state of Kerala. The city of Kochi (pop. 601,574) is the most...

• Prepared by: GIZ
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 14/12/2018

Kolhabi Municipality is situated in Bara District of Madhesh Province in the southern region of Nepal. It is divided into 11 wards and covers an...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 06/10/2023
• Last update: 06/10/2023

Kumasi is the second largest city in Ghana and lies in the Ashanti Region in the south of the country (Adarkwa, 2011). The city covers...

• Prepared by: WEDC
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 21/06/2018

Work in progress - SFD under preparation

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 14/06/2022

Kurigram is a fast-growing city, which is 339 km away from the Dhaka. It is beside the Dharla River and is well connected with road and railways....

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 26/03/2024
• Last update: 26/03/2024

Kushtia is a fast-growing city located along the Dhaka- N1 and Rajshahi-Kushtia highway and 171 km West of Dhaka. It is beside the Madhumati River...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 10/04/2024
• Last update: 10/04/2024

Lahan Municipality is a small commercial town in Siraha District, located in province number 2 in Nepal. It has a population of about 102,000...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 28/10/2020
• Last update: 28/10/2020

Lakhimpur Kheri is the largest district in Uttar Pradesh, India, on the border with Nepal. Its administrative capital is the city of Lakhimpur....

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 29/10/2020
• Last update: 29/10/2020

Lakshmipur was originally a sub-division of Lakshmipur district and the municipality was established in 1976. The town stands on the bank of the...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 04/01/2022
• Last update: 22/02/2022

Lalitpur Metropolitan city which literary means ‘the city of fine arts’ is located in Lalitpur district of Province no.3 of Nepal. The city consist...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 23/12/2019
• Last update: 13/03/2020

Lalmonirhat is a municipality town and district headquarters of Lalmonirhat District in the division of Rangpur, Bangladesh. Lalmonirhat is a...

• Date of production: 21/02/2022
• Last update: 21/02/2022

Lama municipality is a hill town of Bandarban, which is 366 km away from Dhaka city. It is surrounded by hills and River Matamuhuri. It is...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 05/07/2021
• Last update: 05/07/2021

Lamahi municipality is located in Dang district of province number 5, Nepal. The municipality covers an area of 327 square kilometres along the...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 14/11/2019
• Last update: 14/11/2019

Wherefrom do we get data on the sanitation status in cities and countries and what qualities do these data need to have to be relevant either for...

• Date of production: 25/03/2019
• Last update: 25/03/2019

Liberia is the first district and capital city of the canton of Liberia, in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. It is in the northwest corner...

• Prepared by: GIZ
• Date of production: 16/01/2023
• Last update: 16/01/2023

The capital city of Malawi, Lilongwe City, is situated in the Lilongwe river inland plains at the junction of the Namanthanga and Lilongwe rivers....

• Prepared by: University of Zambia
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 13/03/2024

Lima the capital of Peru and the third largest city in Latin America covering an area of 2,700 km2. Metropolitan Lima consists of the Province of...

• Prepared by: WEDC
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 30/10/2018

The 40th WEDC Conference in Loughborough, UK was held in July 2017. On this occasion, an SFD Capacity Development Training was organized, involving...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 06/07/2018

is the capital city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Lucknow is also the tehsil and the district headquarters of the Lucknow district (TCPD,...

• Prepared by: PSI
• Date of production: 30/11/2020
• Last update: 30/11/2020

Lusaka is the capital city of Zambia. Situated in the central part of Zambia on the Central African Plateau it is one of the fastest-developing...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 19/06/2018

Madaripur is a fast-growing municipality, which is 185 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Arial Khal and Kumar Rivers and is well...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 03/05/2024
• Last update: 03/05/2024

Madhyapur Thimi Municipality is located in Bhaktapur district in Province no.3 of Nepal, consisting of 9 wards. The total population of the...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 24/01/2020
• Last update: 24/01/2020

Madison is the capital of the state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Dane County, and is home to 252,551 people. Sometimes described as the City...

• Prepared by: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 29/06/2018

Magura municipality, the district headquarter of Magura district is situated in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. It is located 146 km from the capital...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 28/03/2022
• Last update: 28/03/2022

Mahakali Municipality is in Darchula District of Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal. It is divided into nine wards and covers an area of 135.11 sq. km....

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 23/05/2023
• Last update: 23/05/2023

Mahalaxmi Municipality is one of the historic municipalities of Lalitpur district located in province no.3 of Nepal. The municipality consists of...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 12/12/2019
• Last update: 16/03/2020

Mahdia is located in Administrative Region (8) - Potaro Siparuni of Guyana and is also near the centre of the country with an altitude of 415 m and...

• Prepared by: CSE, GWP-Caribbean, MTCMEHD and Global Environment
• Date of production: 07/02/2023
• Last update: 07/02/2023

Malangwa Municipality is in Sarlahi District, Madhesh province of Nepal. It has a total of 12 wards and covers an area of 30.44 square kilometres....

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 06/10/2023
• Last update: 06/10/2023

A sewer network serves nearly forty per cent of households in Managua (population of 2 million people) and the waste transported in this system is...

• Prepared by: WSP
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 29/06/2018

The Municipality of Manaus is the capital of the state of Amazonas and is located in the Northern Region of Brazil. Manaus is the largest city...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Mandalay is located on the bank of the Irrawaddy on a rather flat and low flood plain, in the centre of Myanmar’s dry-zone. Mandalay is the second...

• Prepared by: University of Lausanne
• Date of production: 27/03/2019
• Last update: 12/04/2019

Mandapeta was originally called "Mandavyapuram", which came from Sage Mandukya. Mandapeta is a second-grade municipality established on...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 05/11/2020
• Last update: 05/11/2020

Mangalsen municipality is the capital of Achham District in Far-western Province of Nepal. It was established on 18 May 2014 by merger of the...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 07/02/2023
• Last update: 07/02/2023

Manikganj is a fast-growing city, which is 54 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Kaliganga River and well connected with road and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/04/2024
• Last update: 10/04/2024

Since 2005 through the adoption of a more affordable strategy involving the use of a septage Management programme the concessionaires are now...

• Prepared by: WSP
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 28/06/2018

Manohardi Municipality is located within the Manohardi Sub-District (Upazila) situated in the Narsingdi District (Zila) under Dhaka Division. The...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 28/07/2025
• Last update: 28/07/2025

Mansa is the provincial administrative capital of Luapula province and the town consists of urban and peri-urban areas. According to the Central...

• Prepared by: GOPA Infra and BORDA Zambia
• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 29/06/2018

Masekelo ward and Ndala ward are the selected project areas in Shinyanga for the GIZ “Scaling up of access to water supply and sanitation services...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 02/02/2024
• Last update: 02/02/2024

Mavoko Town is one of the eight sub-counties of Machakos County in Kenya, which is located around 30km southeast of Nairobi. The whole area of...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Work in progress - SFD under preparation

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 14/06/2022

Meherpur, a city of southwestern Bangladesh and the district headquarter of Meherpur district is situated in Khulna Division, Bangladesh. Meherpur...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 12/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Meru is in the eastern region of Kenya on the north-eastern slopes of Mount Kenya. It was founded in 1911 and is the county headquarters. It is the...

• Prepared by: WSH- MEDS
• Date of production: 07/06/2022
• Last update: 02/09/2022

Mirchaiya Municipality is situated in Siraha District of Madhesh Province in the southern region of Nepal. It is divided into twelve wards and...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 25/09/2023
• Last update: 25/09/2023

Mirzapur municipality is one of the commercially significant towns under the Tangail District in Bangladesh. It is located about 54 Km northeast of...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 24/01/2022
• Last update: 24/01/2022

Mithila Bihari is located in the Dhanusha district of Nepal (Madhesh Province). The municipality covers an area of about 27 kilometres and is...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 24/08/2023
• Last update: 24/08/2023

Moshi is a Tanzanian municipality with a population of 184,292 according to the 2012 census. The municipality is situated on the lower slopes of...

• Prepared by: GIZ
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 21/06/2018

Moulvibazar is a fast-growing city, which is 203 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Manu River and well connected with road and water....

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/04/2024
• Last update: 10/04/2024

Muksudpur Municipality is situated within the Muksudpur Sub-District (Upazila) in Gopalganj District (Zila), which is under Dhaka Division. The...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 30/07/2025
• Last update: 30/07/2025

Munshiganj is a fast-growing city which is part of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is on the north and distance between Dhaka and Munshiganj is 41.1 km. It...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 03/05/2024
• Last update: 03/05/2024

Work in progress - SFD under preparation

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 02/11/2018

Mwanza City, popularly known as “The Rock City”, is situated in the north-west of Tanzania on the southern shores of the Lake Victoria. Mwanza city...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 19/07/2023
• Last update: 19/07/2023

Mymensingh is a fast-growing city, which is 112 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Brahmaputra River and well connected with road,...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/04/2024
• Last update: 10/04/2024

Mysuru City is situated in southern part of the state at 770 m above sea level. According to the census 2011, the population of Mysuru was 893,062...

• Prepared by: Eawag / WSP
• Date of production: 10/01/2020
• Last update: 13/03/2020

Nabiganj Municipality is located within the Nabiganj Sub-District (Upazila) situated in the Habiganj District (Zila) under Sylhet Division. The...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 28/07/2025
• Last update: 28/07/2025

Nagarjun Municipality is located in Kathmandu district in Province no. 3 of Nepal. The total population of the municipality is 67,420 people...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 24/01/2020
• Last update: 24/01/2020

Nagarkanda Municipality is a municipality in the Nagarkanda Upazila, which is situated in Faridpur District under Dhaka Division. The geographical...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 29/07/2025
• Last update: 29/07/2025

Work in progress - SFD under preparation The University of Leeds supported an interactive training in Nairobi, Kenya in May 2017, where 30...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 29/06/2018

Naivasha sub-county is one of 11 constituencies in Nakuru County, Kenya. This geographical boundary was chosen for the SFD because the local water...

• Prepared by: Sanivation
• Date of production: 27/11/2017
• Last update: 16/04/2019

Nakuru is the fourth largest town in Kenya, lying within the Rift Valley and covering an area of 290 km2. Less than 30% of the population is served...

• Prepared by: WEDC
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 28/06/2018

Nanded is a historical city located in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra State in India (Annex 1 and Annex 2)1. Nanded Waghala is regarded as...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 22/09/2021
• Last update: 22/09/2021

Naogaon is a municipality town and district headquarters of Naogaon District in the division of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The city is situated in the...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Narail is a fast-growing city, which is 198 km away from south-west side of the Dhaka. It is beside the Chitra River and well connected with road...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 03/05/2024
• Last update: 03/05/2024

Narayanganj City Corporation, established in 2011, is one of the 8 city corporations of Bangladesh. It was formed comprising Narayanganj Town,...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 08/11/2021
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Narok town is Narok county’s capital city which is the largest city on the way to Maasai Mara National Reserve from Nairobi. It became a...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 26/10/2022
• Last update: 26/10/2022

Narsingdi municipality stands on the bank of the Branch of the River Meghna and is located adjacent to the Dhaka-Sylhet National Highway and 57 km...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 24/01/2022
• Last update: 24/01/2022

Nashik is an ancient Indian city situated on the banks of river Godavari. Geographically, it is located in the northwest part of the state of...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 20/11/2020
• Last update: 20/11/2020

Natore municipality under Natore district is one of the influential urban areas in northern Bangladesh and connecting hub of central and southwest...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 03/01/2022
• Last update: 03/01/2022

Nawabganj is a town and a nagar panchayat in Unnao district which is situated between Lucknow and Kanpur in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 15/12/2020
• Last update: 01/09/2021

Nehtaur is a small town in Bijnor District, Uttar Pradesh and is located 26 km to East of BijnorNehtaur is a small town in Bijnor District, Uttar...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 27/09/2021
• Last update: 27/09/2021

Netrokona is a fast-growing city, which is 175 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Magra River and well connected with road, water, and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 22/10/2025
• Last update: 22/10/2025

Ng’hong’ohna Ward (which covers practically the same area as Ng’hong’ohna Mtaa) is one of the 41 wards located in Dodoma City. It is located on the...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 02/02/2024
• Last update: 02/02/2024

Nilphamari, a city of northwestern Bangladesh and the district headquarter of Nilphamari district is situated in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh. It...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 10/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Noakhali municipality, the district headquarter of Noakhali district is situated in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. It is located 198.4 km south...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 26/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Nonthaburi City Municipality is the principal city of Nonthaburi province, located to the north of Bangkok. It has a registered population of...

• Prepared by: Sandec
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 14/12/2018

Noorpur is a small town in Bijnor District, Uttar Pradesh and is located 38 km South-East of Bijnor city, District Headquarters. According to...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 23/11/2020
• Last update: 23/11/2020

Nuba is a Palestinian village in Hebron Governorate, located 12 km northwest to Hebron city, in the south of the West Bank. The village is located...

• Prepared by: PWA, Municipality of Nuba, WWn and JSC
• Date of production: 10/05/2024
• Last update: 10/05/2024

Odagaon is a town and Notified area council (geographical coordinates as 20°00'57.65"N 84°59'15.70"E) in the Nayagarh district of Odisha, India. It...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 31/01/2023
• Last update: 22/09/2021

Ouagadougou is the capital of Burkina Faso and the largest city of the country. It is located in the central region of Burkina Faso and had a...

• Prepared by: GFA
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Ouahigouya is a mid-sized city located in the northern part of Burkina Faso and is the capital of the Province of Yatenga. Ouahigouya is...

• Prepared by: WaterAid
• Date of production: 20/08/2018
• Last update: 20/08/2018

Pabna is a fast-growing city, which is 153 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Isamoti River and well connected with road, water, and...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 28/05/2021
• Last update: 28/05/2021

There is no sewer network in Palu (population of 0.35 million people)and it is estimated that over 90% of the households have access to on-site...

• Prepared by: WSP
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 28/06/2018

The Panchagarh District is in the northern part of Bangladesh. Panchagarh city, the district headquarter of Panchagarh is situated in Rangpur...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 07/02/2022
• Last update: 07/02/2022

Panchgani is a hill station and municipal council in the Satara district of Maharashtra state. It is situated about 285 km from Mumbai and 18 km...

• Prepared by: WSH- MEDS
• Date of production: 26/11/2018
• Last update: 26/11/2018

Pandharpur is a well-known pilgrimage town on the banks of Bhima River in Sholapur district, Maharashtra, India. The population of Pandharpur is...

• Prepared by: ESF
• Date of production: 16/10/2018
• Last update: 22/03/2019

Parsagadhi Municipality was established in 2016. The municipality is located in Parsa District, Madhesh Province. The municipality is divided into...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 15/09/2023
• Last update: 15/09/2023

Patan is in the far west of Nepal in the Baitadi District of Sudurpaschim Province. It is divided into 10 wards and has a population of 30,435 (as...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 09/01/2023
• Last update: 09/01/2023

Patgram Municipality is located within the Patgram Sub-District (Upazila) situated in the Lalmonirhat District (Zila) under Rangpur Division. The...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 25/11/2025
• Last update: 25/11/2025

Patna, the state capital of Bihar, is situated on the southern bank of Ganga River. The total population of the city is 1.68 million with...

• Prepared by: PSI
• Date of production: 02/12/2025
• Last update: 28/06/2018

Patuakhali is a coastal town and district headquarter of Patuakhali district, is located on the southern bank of Laukathi river in the division of...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 03/01/2022
• Last update: 03/01/2022

Phidim Municipality was declared as municipality on 18th May 2014. It is in Panchthar District, Koshi Province in the eastern Nepal. It is divided...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 29/09/2023
• Last update: 29/09/2023

Phungling Municipality is in the Taplejung District of Koshi Province of Nepal and is the only municipality of this district. The total area of the...

• Prepared by: ENPHO
• Date of production: 18/09/2023
• Last update: 18/09/2023

Pirojpur is a fast-growing city, which is 265 km away from the Dhaka city. It is beside the Balaswar River and well connected with road and water....

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 27/10/2025
• Last update: 27/10/2025

This SFD covers the administrative “National Capital District” of Port Moresby, the capital city of Papua New Guinea. According to the 2011 Census,...

• Prepared by: University of Leeds
• Date of production: 26/10/2022
• Last update: 26/10/2022

Prayagraj is coined with the name Prayag mean "place of sacrifice or offering". The city was earlier known as Allahabad, Illahabad. The city is the...

• Prepared by: CSE
• Date of production: 17/12/2020
• Last update: 17/12/2020

Work in progress - SFD under preparation   In September 2017, CSE held a seminar cum workshop on ‘Excreta Flow Diagram: A Sanitation...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 29/06/2018

Punta del Diablo is located on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Uruguay in the department of Rocha. The city is made up of six large sub-divisions:...

• Prepared by: IDB, D&A and EP
• Date of production: 28/09/2022
• Last update: 28/09/2022

Cecilia Rodrigues (GIZ) made a presentation about SFDs at the Habitat III Conference in Quito, Ecuador. Organized in October 2016, this conference...

• Date of production: 13/06/2018
• Last update: 02/11/2018

Raipura Municipality is located within the Raipura Sub-District (Upazila) situated in the Narsingdi District (Zila) under Dhaka Division. The...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 28/07/2025
• Last update: 28/07/2025

Rajbari municipality, the district headquarter of Rajbari district is situated in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. It is located 110 km from the capital...

• Prepared by: CWIS-FSM Support Cell, DPHE
• Date of production: 24/01/2022
• Last update: 01/04/2022

Rajbiraj Municipality lies in Saptari District of Madhesh Province, Nepal. It is divided into sixteen wards and covers an area of 55.64 sq. km. It...

• Date of production: 22/09/2023
• Last update: 22/09/2023