SFD Report - Kumasi, Ghana SFD Promotion Initiative

Kumasi is the second largest city in Ghana and lies in the Ashanti Region in the south of the country (Adarkwa, 2011). The city covers approximately 254 sq. km. It has an approximately population of 2.7 million with an annual growth rate of 5.5% (City Population, 2015, World Bank, 2008). A high percentage of the population of Kumasi is reliant on public toilets that are properly regulated by KMA (39%, GSS 2013) and the number of open defecators is relatively small (3%, GSS 2013). Despite this, 45% of the faecal sludge generated in Kumasi remains unsafety managed.

The excreta flow diagram (SFD) was created through field based research by the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) as part of the SFD Promotion Initiative with the Support of the Waste Management Department of Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA)

Date of production: 27/10/2015
Last update: 16/11/2015

Keywords
Kumasi, SFD, KMA, excreta management, MGDs, low income areas, public toilet