Welcome to the world of SFDs
Improving understanding of urban sanitation
Find guidance and support for creating SFD graphics and reports: the SFD Graphic Generator allows you to create your own SFD graphic for any given city.
Welcome to the world of SFDs
Find guidance and support for creating SFD graphics and reports: the SFD Graphic Generator allows you to create your own SFD graphic for any given city.
New SFD Reports
There are nine new SFDs (Chingola, Choma, Kabwe, Kafue, Kitwe, Mansa, Mahakali Municipality, Banepa Municipality, Jayaprithvi Municipality) accessible through our database now.
Check out the new drawings on the SFD graphic generator - when selecting sanitation systems, you can now see what each of the systems look like and double check that it matches the situation in your city.
A BIG thank you to the artist James McKay of the University of Leeds for producing the drawings – we think they are great!
Please take a look at the page and let us know what you think?
SFD Reports
Browse through all the entries and read more.
NEW SFD DATA PAGE
Check out the new page where you can compare SFD data from over 150 cities.
New Report available
SFD Promotion Initiative
Discover the brochure of CSE's SFD Phase III activities. CSE officially launched their SFD phase III in India in collaboration with the Ministry of Jal Shakti, in South Africa, and in Bangladesh.
SFD Thinking
Explore the new SFD Thinking and discover interesting facts, ideas and approaches on how to use SFDs.
SFD Manual
The SFD Manual was translated to Arabic and can be downloaded from the SuSanA Library!
An excreta flow diagram (also often described as shit flow diagram, SFD) is a tool to readily understand and communicate how excreta physically flows through a city or town.
The fate of excreta produced by populations across the globe is often poorly understood. SFDs show how it is or is not managed as it moves from defecation to disposal or end-use. The SFD report presents the service delivery context of the city or town and the data sources used for the assessment.
Discover the SFD reports, training events and presentations across the world.
As sanitation practitioners and city officials recognize how effective SFDs are in engaging and stimulating dialogue on excreta management to achieve better sanitation, the number of SFDs being prepared all over the world is increasing.
Do you want to prepare an SFD? Check out the tutorial videos, FAQs and the SFD Manual.
The SFD Manual describes the process followed within the SFD Promotion Initiative for the production of SFD graphics and reports. It includes guidance on data collection and analysis on how to use the SFD Graphic Generator and the definitions of terms and variables.
Discover the world of SFDs!
Direct Search
From 2014 – 2018 the SFD Promotion Initiative has been managed by GIZ under the umbrella of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through two grants (2014-2015 and 2016-2018). Phase III of the SFD Promotion Initiative is being managed by the University of Leeds and the Center for Science and Environment, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through two additional grants. The secretariat of the SFD Webportal and Helpdesk are remaining with GIZ as part of the SuSanA secretariat.
The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE); the Global Sector Program on Sustainable Sanitation of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH); commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ); the Department of Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag); the water@leeds research group of the University of Leeds (UofL); the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) of Loughborough University and the World Bank Water Global Practice
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International
Bandipora city is the headquarters in Bandipora District. Bandipora District is one of the 22 districts of Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory. The District lies in Northern Kashmir with Baramulla District in South and Kargil District in East. It is the 14th largest District by population in Jammu and Kashmir.
Bandipora city is located at a distance of 47 km from Srinagar and at a distance of 330 km from Jammu. It is located at mean elevation of about 1701 msl at 340 25’ 12” North and 740 39’ 00” East. The urban local body governing the town is Bandipora municipal council (BMC). Bandipora municipal council recently got promoted to a council status from a committee in July 2020. According to the 2011 census, the population of the city was 37081 and total number of households was 5584. BMC has an administrative area of 13.40 sq.km which is divided into 17 wards.
Bandipora city is located on the banks of Wular lake, Asia’s largest freshwater lake. In the recent years, the lake has been polluted due to inadvertent dumping of the polluted river waters and sewage affluence has led to a pandemic growth of algae in the waters of the Wular which is threatening the lake and its supporting life itself. The main source of pollution to Wular is Jhelum River. The Jhelum River carries all the waste from Srinagar city and other surrounding areas and deposits it in Wular.
The topography of Bandipora city is hilly since it lies at the foothills of Himalayas. The average rainfall is about 1,200 mm per annum. The climate in the district is temperate cum mediterranean with cold weather in most part of the year. Average minimum and maximum temperature ranges from -10 to 32 degree Celsius. The soil type is silt clay loamy (70%) and sandy loamy soil (30%)1. The water supplied in the city is predominantly through piped system4. The total water supply in the city is 4.8 Million Litres per Day (MLD) with per capita water supply of 135 Litres Per Capita and per Day (LPCD).
The majority of the population in Bandipora (81%) uses onsite sanitation systems. None of the residents are practicing open defecation. Only 1% of the excreta in Bandipora is safely managed, leaving 99% unsafely managed. This SFD Lite Report was prepared by CSE in 2020.