Welcome to the world of SFDs
Improving understanding of urban sanitation
Find guidance and support for creating SFD graphics and reports: the SFD Graphic Generator allows you to create your own SFD graphic for any given city.
Welcome to the world of SFDs
Find guidance and support for creating SFD graphics and reports: the SFD Graphic Generator allows you to create your own SFD graphic for any given city.
New SFD Reports
There are nine new SFDs (Chingola, Choma, Kabwe, Kafue, Kitwe, Mansa, Mahakali Municipality, Banepa Municipality, Jayaprithvi Municipality) accessible through our database now.
Check out the new drawings on the SFD graphic generator - when selecting sanitation systems, you can now see what each of the systems look like and double check that it matches the situation in your city.
A BIG thank you to the artist James McKay of the University of Leeds for producing the drawings – we think they are great!
Please take a look at the page and let us know what you think?
SFD Reports
Browse through all the entries and read more.
NEW SFD DATA PAGE
Check out the new page where you can compare SFD data from over 150 cities.
New Report available
SFD Promotion Initiative
Discover the brochure of CSE's SFD Phase III activities. CSE officially launched their SFD phase III in India in collaboration with the Ministry of Jal Shakti, in South Africa, and in Bangladesh.
SFD Thinking
Explore the new SFD Thinking and discover interesting facts, ideas and approaches on how to use SFDs.
SFD Manual
The SFD Manual was translated to Arabic and can be downloaded from the SuSanA Library!
An excreta flow diagram (also often described as shit flow diagram, SFD) is a tool to readily understand and communicate how excreta physically flows through a city or town.
The fate of excreta produced by populations across the globe is often poorly understood. SFDs show how it is or is not managed as it moves from defecation to disposal or end-use. The SFD report presents the service delivery context of the city or town and the data sources used for the assessment.
Discover the SFD reports, training events and presentations across the world.
As sanitation practitioners and city officials recognize how effective SFDs are in engaging and stimulating dialogue on excreta management to achieve better sanitation, the number of SFDs being prepared all over the world is increasing.
Do you want to prepare an SFD? Check out the tutorial videos, FAQs and the SFD Manual.
The SFD Manual describes the process followed within the SFD Promotion Initiative for the production of SFD graphics and reports. It includes guidance on data collection and analysis on how to use the SFD Graphic Generator and the definitions of terms and variables.
Discover the world of SFDs!
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From 2014 – 2018 the SFD Promotion Initiative has been managed by GIZ under the umbrella of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through two grants (2014-2015 and 2016-2018). Phase III of the SFD Promotion Initiative is being managed by the University of Leeds and the Center for Science and Environment, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through two additional grants. The secretariat of the SFD Webportal and Helpdesk are remaining with GIZ as part of the SuSanA secretariat.
The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE); the Global Sector Program on Sustainable Sanitation of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ GmbH); commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ); the Department of Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag); the water@leeds research group of the University of Leeds (UofL); the Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC) of Loughborough University and the World Bank Water Global Practice
Rajesh Dhungana (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Banepa Municipality is located in Kavrepalanchok District, Bagmati Province of Nepal. It has 14 wards and covers the area of 54.59 sq km. It is surrounded by Panauti Municipality in the south, Mandandeupur Municipality in the north, Dhulikhel Municipality and Panchkhal Municipality in the east, and Bhaktapur District in the west. The municipality has urban and rural settlements. Particularly, ward numbers 7, 8 and 9 are core urban clusters and the remaining wards are rural.
The national population and housing census report 2021 shows that the municipality has a total population of 67,690, with 33,172 males and 34,518 females residing in 16,698 households. The municipality has a population density of 1,231 person per square kilometre (GON, 2021).
99.2% of the households in the municipality owns a toilet. The households without a toilet defecate in nearby farms and forests. The municipality has four public toilets in a bus park and market areas in ward number 8. Three public toilets in bus park area were constructed by Banepa Municipality and a public toilet in Chardobato market area was constructed by the private sector. Among the households with their own toilet, 39.8% and 60.2% of households have offsite and onsite sanitation system, respectively.
Overall, the SFD graphic shows that 19% of the excreta generated are safely managed while 81% of the excreta generated are unsafely managed. Importantly, most of the safely managed sanitation (17% FS contained – not emptied) is faecal sludge (FS) stored in containments with only a low risk of causing groundwater pollution. This outcome should be considered only a temporary situation until the FS from the containments are emptied.